Human Anatomy and Physiology-II

Description

1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
   • Basic anatomical terminology.
   • Levels of structural organization in the body (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems).
   • Homeostasis and its importance in maintaining a stable internal environment.
2. Chemistry and Cell Biology:
   • Basic chemistry concepts, including atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds.
   • Cellular structure and function, including the cell membrane, organelles, and cellular processes (e.g., cell division, metabolism).
3. Tissues:
   • The four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
   • Functions and locations of each tissue type.
4. Integumentary System:
   • The skin and its functions, including protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.
   • Accessory structures of the skin, such as hair, nails, and glands.
5. Skeletal System:
   • Bone structure, types of bones, and bone growth.
   • Joints and their classifications.
   • Skeletal system functions, including support, protection, and mineral storage.
6. Muscular System:
   • Muscle tissue types (skeletal, smooth, cardiac).
   • Muscle contraction and function.
   • Muscle attachments and actions.
7. Nervous System:
   • Nervous tissue and neuron structure.
   • Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system.
   • Nerve impulses and neurotransmission.
   • Senses and sensory receptors.
8. Endocrine System:
   • Endocrine glands and hormones.
   • Hormone functions and regulation.
   • Feedback mechanisms.
9. Cardiovascular System:
   • Heart anatomy and function.
   • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).
   • Blood composition and functions.
   • Blood circulation.
10. Lymphatic System and Immunity:
    • Lymphatic system structure and functions.
    • Immune system components and mechanisms.