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1. Agriculture: Agriculture is the science, art, and practice of cultivating crops and raising livestock for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It involves various activities such as planting, cultivating, harvesting, and managing crops like grains, vegetables, fruits, and more. Agriculture is essential for providing food security, economic stability, and employment in many parts of the world.
2. Animal Husbandry (Pashupalan): Animal husbandry refers to the agricultural practice of breeding, raising, and caring for animals, primarily livestock, for various purposes. This includes cattle, goats, sheep, poultry, and other domesticated animals. The goals of animal husbandry include the production of meat, milk, eggs, wool, and other animal-derived products. Proper animal husbandry practices also focus on animal health and welfare, including nutrition, housing, and disease management.

Both agriculture and animal husbandry are vital components of the agri-food industry, which provides the majority of the world’s food supply. These practices are interconnected as many farmers engage in both crop cultivation and animal husbandry to create a sustainable and diverse agricultural system. The synergy between agriculture and animal husbandry contributes to the overall food security and economic well-being of a nation.

Modern agriculture and animal husbandry have evolved significantly due to advancements in technology, breeding techniques, and sustainable farming practices. Farmers and agricultural experts continually strive to improve efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and ensure the welfare of both crops and livestock. This includes adopting practices like organic farming, precision agriculture, and ethical animal husbandry methods to meet the growing demand for food while minimizing negative environmental effects.